Battery size, torque, max output, pedal assist level.. Lots of sciency terms around something as simple as a bike. But understanding these terms can be a game changer when it comes to choosing the right e-bike for you.
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Whether you’re a seasoned rider or an e-bike newcomer, understanding the mechanics of an e-bike – battery size and capacity, torque, max power output, pedal assist level – can help you narrow down your selection in ensuring you find the right bike for you.
Before we get into the dirty details, let’s start with a quick physics lesson on torque and power.
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Power, measured in watts (W), is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, converted or used per unit of time. In biking terms, it is simply the motor’s ability to provide assisted acceleration, speed, and climbing strength. Higher wattage/power = the heavier the load and the steeper the hill the motor can handle, and the faster it can accelerate.
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Torque is the measure of a force’s ability to cause an object to rotate, measured in Newton-meters (Nm). It acts as a twisting or rotational force. In biking terms, this is simply the amount of “push” that the bike gives. Think hill-climbing ability, acceleration, and hauling power. Higher torque = quicker and more effortless starts, better and smoother climbing, and easier handling of heavier loads.
Phew, okay now that we covered that let’s get down to how to use these key technical specifications to choose the right model for you!
Battery Size & Capacity (Wh)
Battery capacity, aka the fuel of your e-bike, is measured in watt-hours (Wh). This tells you far you can ride on a single charge and directly impacts your overall riding experience. A higher Wh rating means a long battery life, but factors like terrain, rider weight, and pedal assist level can all impact this as well. The most typical Wh ratings are 250Wh, 500Wh, and 750Wh.
Power (W)
Power, aka how much assistance you get when you pedal or use the throttle, directly impacts how quickly you are able to get from point A to point B. Higher wattages offer more acceleration, a higher top speed, and better hill-climbing ability. However, it is important to remember that they drain the battery much faster. Choosing the right power level depends on the style of riding you are doing, whether it is daily commuting, high-speed riding, or hilly and rugged terrain. Typical ranges for commuting and casual riding are 250W-350W while ranges for mountain bikes will fall between 500W-650W.
Torque (Nm)
Torque, aka the strength behind your ride, is equally as important as battery capacity and power. Think of it as the muscle of your bike – the higher the torque (or the stronger the muscle) the faster you can accelerate, the quicker you will travel up a hill, and the easier it will be to carry heavier loads. Choosing an e-bike with the right torque level for your riding style ensures the smoothest ride.
Pedal Assist Level
Pedal assist level, aka the balance between manual and motorized riding, provides motorized assistance while you pedal. It makes rides easier (hell yeah) and, when used correctly, helps you maximise battery level, comfort, and efficiency. How does it work? Pedal assist is pretty smart in that it senses your pedaling effort and provides a boost from the motor, which means:
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Less strain on your legs
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Increased range (when compared to using only a throttle for riding)
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Soo now that we’ve covered all of those terms, how do you choose the right e-bike for you??
Determine your riding style
- Cruisy and commuting? Look for a 500+ W battery size to help you accelerate through traffic and still have a smooth ride. The Orbea Diem is a great option!
- Off road and adventure riding? A bigger battery size and higher torque -- think 750+W and 70+Nm -- will help you have the most fun navigating rugged terrain. The Pivot Shuttle LT Pro delivers just that.
- Gravel griding more your vibe? The Orbea Gain has a 350 W battery, helping to provide subtle assistance without overpowering your ride.
Match the power and torque to the terrain you will be riding. Here are some approximate power and torque ranges that we find good for different ride styles:
- Road and gravel riding that is flatter: 250-500 W motor, 40-50 Nm of torque
- Punchier road and gravel: 500-750 W motor, 50-70 Nm of torque
- Off road riding with steep hills: 750+ W motor, 70+ Nm of torque
Consider battery capacity so that you are getting the most out of the range you have. Shorter trips require less battery range so you can get away with a smaller battery. (Disclaimer: these numbers are not exact and can vary from bike to bike!)
- Shorter trips (~20 miles or less per charge): 250-400Wh battery
- Daily commuting or shorter road & gravel adventures (~20-40 miles per charge): 500-750Wh battery
- Longer distance and adventure riding (~40+ miles per charge): 750+ Wh battery
So, woah, that was a lot! But no fear, our team here at Sports Garage is well versed in the world of e-bikes and we are always happy to lend a hand. Happy shopping and happy riding!